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BIOTECHNOLOGY
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| 2011-2016 | NTS-2 | 90 |
Biotechnology is a interdisciplinary field of science and technology dealing with the application of science and technology to living organisms, as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services. The list-based definition of biotechnology, based on the list of biotechnology techniques, is as follows:
- DNA/RNA: Genomics, pharmacogenomics, gene probes, genetic engineering, DNA/RNA sequencing/ synthesis/amplification, gene expression profiling, and use of antisense technology,
- Proteins and other molecules: Sequencing/synthesis/engineering of proteins and peptides (including large molecule hormones); improved delivery methods for large molecule drugs; proteomics, protein isolation and purification, signaling, identification of cell receptors,
- Cell and tissue culture and engineering: Cell/tissue culture, tissue engineering (including tissue scaffolds and biomedical engineering), cellular fusion, vaccine/immune stimulants, embryo manipulation,
- Process biotechnology techniques: Fermentation using bioreactors, bioprocessing, bioleaching, biopulping, biobleaching, biodesulphurisation, bioremediation, biofiltration and phytoremediation,
- Gene and RNA vectors: Gene therapy, viral vectors,
- Bioinformatics: Construction of databases on genomes, protein sequences; modelling complex biological processes, including systems biology,
- Nanobiotechnology: Applies the tools and processes of nano/microfabrication to build devices for studying biosystems and applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, etc,
- other.
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INFORMATION SOCIETY
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| 2008-2017 | NTS-2 | 28 |
Society at such stage of technological and organisational development where obtained level of information and telecommunication technology creates technical, economical, educational and other conditions for using information for manufacturing products and providing services.
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INNOVATION ACTIVITY
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| 2005-2017 | NTS-2 | 169 |
An innovation activity it's scientific, technological, organizational, financial and commercial steps which actually lead, or are intended to lead to the implementation of innovations. Some innovation activities are themselves innovative, others are not novel activities but are necessary for the implementation of innovations. Innovation activities also include R&D that is not directly related to the development of a specific innovation. In 2005 and 2007 were tested only industrial enterprises numbering more than 49 persons - full test. In other years in full test were assumed enterprises employing more than 49 persons and the test on a sample of representative were assumed enterprises employing from 10 to 49 persons, however innovation activity test in the service sector was test on a sample of representative.
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PROTECTION OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY IN POLAND
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| 2009-2017 | NTS-2 | 10 |
S o u r c e: data of the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland.
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