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    • BIOTECHNOLOGY
      • Enterprises active in the field of biotechnology
      • Enterprises by major business in biotechnology
      • Internal current expenditure on research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology by type of expenditure in scientific units
      • Internal expenditure on activities in the field of biotechnology enterprises
      • Internal expenditure on biotechnology in enterprises by financing sources
      • Internal expenditure on research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology in scientific units received from domestic entities
      • Internal expenditure on research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology in scientific units received from foreign entities
      • Internal expenditure on research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology by source of funding in scientific units
      • Internal expenditure on research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology in scientific units
      • Persons employed in research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology in scientific units
      • Persons employed in research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology research units by level of education
      • Persons employed in the field of biotechnology enterprises
      • The areas of activity in the field of biotechnology indicated by scientific units
      • The number of scientific units according to the type of research and development activity (R & D) in the field of biotechnology
      • The number of scientific units conducting research and development (R & D) in the field of biotechnology
    • INFORMATION SOCIETY
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Category
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Group
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Subgroup
The number of scientific units according to the type of research and development activity (R & D) in the field of biotechnology
Years
2011-2016
Data accessibility level
Voivodeships (NTS-2)
  • Category description
    Science and technology, is a field of statistic which deal with description of the phenomena associated with functioning of science and technology systems.
  • Group description
    Biotechnology is a interdisciplinary field of science and technology dealing with the application of science and technology to living organisms, as well as parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials for the production of knowledge, goods and services. The list-based definition of biotechnology, based on the list of biotechnology techniques, is as follows:
    - DNA/RNA: Genomics, pharmacogenomics, gene probes, genetic engineering, DNA/RNA sequencing/ synthesis/amplification, gene expression profiling, and use of antisense technology,
    - Proteins and other molecules: Sequencing/synthesis/engineering of proteins and peptides (including large molecule hormones); improved delivery methods for large molecule drugs; proteomics, protein isolation and purification, signaling, identification of cell receptors,
    - Cell and tissue culture and engineering: Cell/tissue culture, tissue engineering (including tissue scaffolds and biomedical engineering), cellular fusion, vaccine/immune stimulants, embryo manipulation,
    - Process biotechnology techniques: Fermentation using bioreactors, bioprocessing, bioleaching, biopulping, biobleaching, biodesulphurisation, bioremediation, biofiltration and phytoremediation,
    - Gene and RNA vectors: Gene therapy, viral vectors,
    - Bioinformatics: Construction of databases on genomes, protein sequences; modelling complex biological processes, including systems biology,
    - Nanobiotechnology: Applies the tools and processes of nano/microfabrication to build devices for studying biosystems and applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, etc,
    - other.
  • Subgroup description
    Basic research- experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view. Basic research can be divided into pure and oriented basic research. Pure basic research - research carried out for the advancement of knowledge, without seeking long-term economic or social benefits or making any effort to apply the results to practical problems. Oriented basic research - research carried out with the expectation that it will produce a broad base of knowledge likely to form the background to the solution of recognised or expected current or future problems or possibilities.
    Applied research (including industrial)- original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective. It consists in seeking practical applications for results of basic research or new solutions enabling achievement of previously established practical aims or objectives. Test models of products, processes and methods are the results of applied research. Industrial research means research aimed at the acquisition of new knowledge and skills for developing products, processes or services or for bringing about a significant improvement in existing products, processes or services. It comprises the creation of components of complex systems, notably for generic technology validation, to the exclusion of prototypes covered by experimental development.
    Experimental development- systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, that is directed to producing new materials, products or devices; to installing new processes, systems and services; or to improving substantially those already produced or installed. It practically does not exist in humanities. Experimental development should not be confused with implementation activities which go beyond the scope of research and development, especially related to the preparation of technical documentation, tooling, test installations, test batch of new products, introduction of modifications after tests, etc.